The Common Lionfish (Pterois miles), also known as the Devil Firefish, is a striking and venomous marine fish belonging to the Scorpaenidae family. Native to the western Indo-Pacific region, this species has garnered attention due to its distinctive appearance and its status as an invasive species in various parts of the world.
Key Information
• Small fish safe: ⚠️ With caution (may prey on very small fish)
• Small invertebrate safe: ⚠️ With caution (may consume small crustaceans)
• Coral safe: ✅ Yes (does not harm corals)
• Minimum tank size: 475 litres (125 gallons)
• Adult size: Up to 35 cm (14 inches)
• Diet: Carnivorous, feeding on small fish and crustaceans
• Be aware of: Venomous spines; handle with extreme caution
Appearance and Colouration
Pterois miles is renowned for its dramatic and ornate appearance:
• Body Colouration: Reddish to tan or grey, adorned with numerous thin dark bars on the body and head.
• Fins: Possesses elongated, fan-like pectoral fins and a prominent dorsal fin with 13 venomous spines.
• Size: Can grow up to 35 cm (14 inches) in length.
Natural Habitat and Behaviour
Pterois miles is indigenous to the Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to South Africa and Indonesia. It typically inhabits reef environments, often found in crevices or lagoons, and is known to venture into depths of up to 50 meters.
• Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal, seeking shelter during daylight hours and emerging at night to hunt small fish and crustaceans.
Invasive Species Concerns
Notably, Pterois miles has established populations beyond its native range, particularly in the Mediterranean Sea and along the eastern coast of the United States, including the Caribbean. Its introduction into these areas poses ecological challenges, as it preys on native species and competes for resources.
Aquarium Care
While the Common Lionfish’s captivating appearance makes it a popular choice among aquarists, potential keepers should consider the following:
• Tank Size: A minimum of 475 litres (125 gallons) is recommended to accommodate its size and activity level.
• Aquascaping: Provide ample hiding spots with live rock formations to mimic its natural reef habitat.
• Diet: Offer a varied diet of meaty foods, such as live or frozen fish and crustaceans.
• Tank Mates: Compatible with larger, non-aggressive species; however, small fish and invertebrates may be at risk of predation.
Due to their venomous spines, caution is imperative during tank maintenance to prevent injury. While not aggressive towards humans, accidental stings can cause severe pain and require medical attention.