The Stoplight Parrotfish (Sparisoma viride) is a vibrant marine species native to the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Bermuda, and as far south as Brazil. This species plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of coral reef ecosystems through its feeding habits.
Key Information
• Small fish safe: ❌ No (may pose a threat due to its size and feeding habits)
• Small invertebrate safe: ❌ No (feeds on corals and other sessile invertebrates)
• Coral safe: ❌ No (actively consumes live corals)
• Minimum tank size: 5,000 litres (1,319 gallons)
• Adult size: Up to 64 cm (25 inches)
• Diet: Herbivorous, primarily feeding on algae; also ingests coral polyps and calcareous substrates
• Be aware of: Requires a very large aquarium due to its size; not suitable for typical home aquariums; can cause significant bio-load due to its feeding habits
Appearance and Colouration
S. viride exhibits distinct coloration patterns that change with age and sex:
• Juveniles: Typically display a dark brown body with three rows of white spots along the sides.
• Initial Phase (Females and Young Males): Characterized by a red underside, a brownish to reddish body with scales outlined in darker gray, and a distinctive white spot on the caudal peduncle.
• Terminal Phase (Mature Males): Showcase a vibrant green body with a yellow spot above the pectoral fin (resembling a “stoplight”), and a tail that is either all yellow or has a yellow crescent.
Natural Habitat and Behaviour
Inhabiting coral reefs at depths ranging from 3 to 50 meters, the Stoplight Parrotfish is diurnal and spends its days grazing on algae, which helps prevent algal overgrowth on reefs. At night, they often find shelter in crevices within the reef structure.
Aquarium Care
Due to its substantial size and specific dietary needs, the Stoplight Parrotfish is not recommended for home aquariums. Successful maintenance requires:
• Tank Size: A minimum of 5,000 litres to accommodate its growth and swimming needs.
• Diet: A continuous supply of natural algae and supplemental feeding with marine-based foods.
• Environment: Robust filtration systems to manage the heavy bio-load and a tank setup that mimics natural reef structures.
Important Considerations
• Reef Compatibility: S. viride is not reef-safe. Its feeding habits can lead to the consumption of live corals and damage to reef structures.
• Behaviour: Generally peaceful towards other large fish but may exhibit territorial behaviour, especially in confined spaces.
• Conservation: While not currently listed as endangered, responsible aquarium practices are essential to prevent overexploitation of wild populations.
Summary
The Stoplight Parrotfish (Sparisoma viride) is a remarkable species that contributes significantly to the health of coral reef ecosystems. Due to its size and specialised care requirements, it is best appreciated in the wild or in large public aquariums designed to accommodate its needs. Hobbyists are encouraged to consider more suitable species for home aquariums to ensure the well-being of both the fish and the reef environment.