Leaf Scorpionfish (Taenianotus triacanthus)
The Leaf Scorpionfish (Taenianotus triacanthus), also known as the Paperfish, is a small, venomous marine species belonging to the Scorpaenidae family. Notably, it is the sole species within the monotypic genus Taenianotus. Renowned for its exceptional camouflage, this species mimics a drifting leaf, aiding in its ambush predation strategy. Its widespread distribution and unique appearance make it a subject of interest among marine enthusiasts and aquarists.
Key Information
• Small fish safe: ⚠️ With caution (may prey on very small fish)
• Small invertebrate safe: ⚠️ With caution (may consume small crustaceans)
• Coral safe: ✅ Yes (does not harm corals)
• Minimum tank size: 115 litres (30 gallons)
• Adult size: Up to 10 cm (4 inches)
• Diet: Carnivorous, feeding on small fish and crustaceans
• Be aware of: Venomous spines; handle with extreme caution
Appearance and Colouration
The Leaf Scorpionfish exhibits a highly compressed body resembling a decaying leaf, an adaptation that enhances its camouflage:
• Body Colouration: Varies widely, including shades of white, yellow, pink, red, brown, green, and black. This variability allows it to blend seamlessly with its surroundings.
• Dorsal Fin: Features a prominent, sail-like dorsal fin with 12 spines and 8 to 11 soft rays.
• Skin Texture: Covered in prickly papillae, with fine appendages around the mouth, enhancing its leaf-like appearance.
• Size: Reaches a maximum length of approximately 10 cm (4 inches).
Natural Habitat and Behaviour
Taenianotus triacanthus is found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific region, from the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea to the Galápagos Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Hawaii, and New South Wales. It inhabits coral reefs, reef flats, outer reef slopes, and current-swept channels, typically at depths ranging from 0 to 130 meters.
• Camouflage and Ambush Predation: The Leaf Scorpionfish remains motionless among algae or seagrass, swaying gently to mimic a drifting leaf. This behavior allows it to ambush unsuspecting prey, primarily small crustaceans and fish larvae.
• Molting Behavior: This species molts approximately every 10 to 14 days, shedding its outer skin layer to remove accumulated algae and parasites.
Aquarium Care
The Leaf Scorpionfish is occasionally kept in home aquariums due to its unique appearance and behavior. However, specific care requirements must be met to ensure its well-being:
• Tank Size: A minimum of 115 litres (30 gallons) is recommended to provide adequate space.
• Aquascaping: Incorporate live rock formations to provide hiding spots and perching areas, mimicking its natural habitat.
• Diet: Offer a carnivorous diet consisting of live foods such as feeder fish or small shrimp.
• Tank Mates: Select passive fish species as tank mates. Avoid housing with small fish or mobile invertebrates like shrimp and crabs, as they may be preyed upon.
Due to their venomous spines, caution is advised during tank maintenance to prevent injury. While their venom is considered weaker than that of lionfish and stonefish, handling should still be approached with care.