Goniopora

• Common Name: Flowerpot Coral

• Scientific Name: Goniopora spp.

• Class: Anthozoa

• Origin: Indo-Pacific, Australia, Red Sea

• Category: LPS (Large Polyp Stony Coral)

• Care Level: Expert

• Temperament: Semi-aggressive (can extend long sweeper tentacles)

• Lighting: Medium to High (PAR 100-250)

• Flow: Moderate to High (gentle but consistent, avoiding direct blasts)

• Placement: Middle to Bottom (ensure space for tentacle extension)

• Growth Rate: Moderate to Slow

Detailed Information:

Overview:

Goniopora, commonly known as Flowerpot Coral, is one of the most visually stunning LPS corals available to reef aquarists. Recognized for its long, flowing polyps that resemble a bouquet of flowers, this coral adds movement and elegance to a reef tank. However, it has historically been considered difficult to keep due to its demanding care requirements.

Tank Requirements & Water Parameters:

To thrive, Goniopora requires stable water conditions with pristine parameters:

• Temperature: 76-80°F (24-27°C)

• pH: 8.1-8.4

• Salinity: 1.025 SG

• Alkalinity: 8-10 dKH

• Calcium: 400-450 ppm

• Magnesium: 1300-1400 ppm

• Nitrate: <10 ppm (low but not zero)

• Phosphate: <0.03 ppm

Lighting Needs:

Goniopora prefers moderate to high lighting, typically 100-250 PAR. While some variations can tolerate lower light, optimal coloration and polyp extension occur under proper spectrum LED lighting that mimics natural reef conditions.

Flow Requirements:

This coral thrives in moderate to high indirect flow. A gentle but consistent flow is essential to keep its polyps extended while preventing debris from settling on its delicate tissue. Avoid direct, high-intensity blasts from powerheads, as this can cause retraction and tissue damage.

Feeding & Nutrition:

While Goniopora has symbiotic zooxanthellae for photosynthesis, it also benefits from supplemental feeding. Target feeding with:

• Microplankton and phytoplankton

• Powdered coral foods (e.g., Reef Roids, Benepets, Coral Frenzy)

• Small meaty foods like rotifers and cyclops

Feeding 2-3 times per week can improve growth and overall health.

Placement & Aggression:

• Best placed in the middle to bottom of the tank, ensuring it has room for full polyp extension.

• It is semi-aggressive and can extend sweeper tentacles, so provide ample space from neighboring corals to avoid damage.

Challenges & Common Issues:

• Tissue recession & polyp retraction: Often caused by unstable water conditions or insufficient feeding.

• Algae overgrowth: Can smother polyps if placed in an area with excessive nutrients.

• High flow or direct blasts: May cause polyp retraction, reducing health over time.

Variations & Popular Species:

There are multiple species of Goniopora, with different polyp structures and colors, including:

• Goniopora stokesi – Larger polyps, more sensitive.

• Goniopora djiboutiensis – Smaller polyps, more forgiving.

• Goniopora tenuidens – Often mistaken for Alveopora, slightly easier to keep.