Premnas biaculeatus (Maroon Clownfish / Spinecheek Clownfish)
• Small fish safe: ✅ Yes
• Small invert safe: ✅ Yes
• Coral safe: ✅ Yes
• Minimum tank size: 120L+ (preferably 200L+ for pairs or anemone hosting)
• Adult size: ~17 cm (6.5 inches)
• Diet: Omnivorous (marine pellets, flakes, frozen mysis/brine shrimp, and algae-based foods)
• Be aware of: The most aggressive clownfish species. Extremely territorial, especially if hosting an anemone. Pairing must be done carefully, as females may kill potential mates.
Maroon Clownfish (Premnas biaculeatus) – A Striking but Aggressive Anemonefish
The Maroon Clownfish, also known as the Spinecheek Clownfish, is one of the largest, most aggressive, and most visually striking clownfish species. It is well-known for its deep maroon or red coloration, thick white or gold bands, and territorial nature. This species is not recommended for beginners, as its aggressive behavior can make community tank placement challenging. However, for experienced aquarists looking for a bold and charismatic fish, the Maroon Clownfish is a fantastic choice.
Appearance and Coloration
Maroon Clownfish are one of the most visually distinctive clownfish species:
• Body color ranges from deep maroon to dark red, depending on age and region.
• Three thick, vertical white or gold bands (one near the head, one mid-body, and one at the base of the tail).
• Gold-striped variants (Gold Stripe Maroon Clownfish) develop their yellow/gold bands as they mature.
• Females are significantly larger and darker than males, and they are often the most dominant fish in the tank.
• Unlike other clownfish, Maroon Clownfish have distinct cheek spines, which give them their alternative name, Spinecheek Clownfish.
Due to their large size and bold coloration, Maroon Clownfish often become the centerpiece fish in reef tanks.
Natural Habitat and Behaviour
Maroon Clownfish are found in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly around Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Great Barrier Reef. In the wild, they:
• Host with anemones, especially Bubble Tip Anemones (Entacmaea quadricolor).
• Are fiercely territorial, defending their anemone aggressively from intruders.
• Live in strict dominance hierarchies, where the female is the alpha and the smaller male submits.
In captivity, they do not require an anemone but will often attempt to host corals, rock structures, or artificial decorations.
Tank Requirements and Water Parameters
Maroon Clownfish are hardy, but due to their aggressive nature and large size, they require a well-structured tank with stable water conditions.
• Minimum tank size: 120L+ (200L+ recommended for pairs or anemone hosting)
• Temperature: 24–27°C (75–81°F)
• pH: 8.1–8.4
• Salinity: 1.020–1.025
• Water movement: Moderate (not too strong, as they are not strong swimmers)
• Filtration: High-quality filtration and regular water changes are necessary to maintain stable water parameters.
A tank with plenty of space and rock structures will help reduce stress and provide hiding spots for other fish.
Diet and Feeding
Maroon Clownfish are omnivores, requiring a varied diet to maintain their health and vibrant coloration.
Recommended foods include:
• High-quality marine pellets and flakes – Provides balanced nutrition.
• Frozen mysis and brine shrimp – Excellent protein sources.
• Chopped seafood (shrimp, squid, or fish) – Occasional treats.
• Algae-based foods or spirulina – Supports digestion and immune function.
Feed 1-2 times per day, ensuring portions are small enough to prevent overfeeding and maintain water quality.
Compatibility and Tank Mates
Maroon Clownfish are the most aggressive clownfish species, making tank mate selection crucial. They will aggressively defend their space, especially if they are hosting an anemone.
Best tank mates include:
✔ Semi-aggressive to aggressive tank mates such as dwarf angelfish (Flame Angelfish, Coral Beauty), wrasses, and tangs.
✔ Hardy, fast-moving fish that can hold their own against a dominant clownfish (such as damselfish, basslets, or larger gobies).
✔ Reef-safe invertebrates such as shrimp, snails, and crabs are generally safe.
Avoid housing with:
❌ Other clownfish species, unless in an extremely large tank to prevent deadly fights.
❌ Small, timid fish (e.g., Firefish, small gobies) that may be bullied.
❌ Very passive tank mates, as they will likely be chased away from food.
If keeping a pair, introduce a small juvenile to an established female to prevent fighting. Even then, female Maroon Clownfish can severely injure or kill an unwanted mate, so careful observation is necessary.
Hosting Anemones
Maroon Clownfish naturally host Bubble Tip Anemones (Entacmaea quadricolor), but they may also accept:
• Sebae Anemone (Heteractis crispa)
• Long Tentacle Anemone (Macrodactyla doreensis)
⚠ Important Notes:
• Anemones require strong lighting (LEDs, metal halides, or T5s) and stable water conditions.
• Clownfish do not need an anemone to thrive.
• Anemones should only be kept by experienced aquarists.
Health and Disease Considerations
Maroon Clownfish are very hardy, but they can be prone to:
• Marine Ich (Cryptocaryon irritans) – Stress can trigger outbreaks. Quarantining new fish before introduction is recommended.
• Brooklynella (Clownfish Disease) – A parasite that causes heavy mucus production and difficulty breathing.
• Bacterial Infections (Fin Rot, Open Sores) – Often caused by poor water quality or injuries from fights.
To keep them healthy:
✔ Provide a stable environment with good water quality.
✔ Offer a varied diet rich in vitamins and marine algae.
✔ Quarantine new fish before adding them to the main tank.
Lifespan and Long-Term Care
With proper care, Maroon Clownfish can live up to 10-15 years in captivity. Their long lifespan, strong personality, and striking coloration make them a popular yet challenging choice for marine aquarists.
Why Choose a Maroon Clownfish?
✔ Deep maroon or red coloration with bold white or gold stripes – One of the most striking clownfish species.
✔ Very hardy and resilient – Adaptable to various conditions.
✔ Can live long lives, up to 15 years in captivity.
✔ Will host anemones if available, but does not require one.
✔ Full of personality – A truly engaging and interactive fish.
⚠ Important Considerations Before Buying a Maroon Clownfish:
🚫 Extremely aggressive – Best kept singly or in a bonded pair.
🚫 Defensive of their territory – Will chase and attack intruders.
🚫 Requires a moderate to large tank – Needs swimming space and shelter.